Unit 4 exercise 1 guided reading - 1574 Words

CHAPTER 11 1. An introduction that defines a problem, stresses its importance, and offers a brief description of the proposed solution. An analysis of the problem, discussing its causes and its effects. A detailed plan that shows step by step how to solve the problem. A costs benefits analysis that that measures the benefits of the plan against its costs. A conclusion that looks to the future and stresses the importance of taking action. 2. When someone wants to solve a problem or present new ideas they will be asked to write a proposal. A solicited proposal responds to the requests for proposals. Then there’s a grant proposal that are used by non-profit organizations and researchers to obtain funding for their projects. A person writing†¦show more content†¦They offer the topic being discussed as well as professionalism to the report as a whole. Also provides information as to who or what the report belongs to. 22. Proofread, review, check for holes, get rid of nonessential information, pay attention to your paragraphs. 23. It is defined in the introduction. It is basically sexual objectification, standards based on attractiveness or sexiness, sexuality imposed on someone who does not want it, or a persons value coming from their sexual appeal or behavior. Yes I agree. Sex is everywhere. Sex sells! Im sure everyone has experienced this at one time or another. CHAPTER 18 1. Global Revision- reexamines and adjusts the documents overall approach. Using genre to sharpen its angle, topic, purpose, thesis and appropriateness for the reader’s context. 2. Substantive Editing- pays attention to the document’s content, organization and design. 3. Copyediting- Focuses on revising the style for clarity, persuasion and consistency, paying close attention to paragraphs and sentences. 4. Proofreading- examines and revises surface features, such as grammatical correctness, spelling, and usage. 5. Level 1 – Revision, Level 2 – Substantive Editing, Level 3 – Copyediting, Level 4 – Proofreading 6. Global issues includes; topic, angle, purpose and thesis statement. 7. Expectations, values, attitudes, physical place, papers medium, social and political influences 8. By doing a substantive Editing process. Does your thesisShow MoreRelatedPhonemic : Phonemic Awareness And Phonics1400 Words   |  6 PagesPhonemic awareness and phonics are the two reading components that I examined for the Triangulated Analysis project. Phonemic awareness is a subset of phonological awareness and refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate sounds in spoken words. Phonemic awareness is the recognition that spoken words are made up of individual sounds, as well as and the ability to make those sounds. Young learners who acquire this ability are able to hear rhyming words and blend them together. Moreover, phonemicRead Moreen1320 graded assignments 11131313296 Words   |  54 PagesContents Unit 1 Assignment 1: Letter to Instructor 3 Unit 1 Exercise 1: Prewriting Techniques Exploration 5 Unit 1 Lab 1: Finding and Utilizing Electronic Writing Resources 6 Unit 2 Lab 1: ITT Tech Virtual Library Exploration 9 Unit 2 Assignment 1: Change of Audience—Letter to Peer 10 Unit 2 Assignment 2: Topic, Angle, and Purpose 11 Unit 2 Assignment 3: Genre Essay—Memoir or Profile 12 Unit 3 Assignment 1: Revising the Memoir or Profile 13 Unit 3 Assignment 2: Reflection on Essay Writing 14 Unit 3 ExerciseRead MoreManagement and Mcd2040 Managing People6266 Words   |  26 PagesMCD2040 Managing People and Organisations Equivalent to MU:MGC1010, MGF1010, MGW1010 Unit Outline Prepared by: Department of Management Faculty of Business and Economics Monash University Produced and Published by: Monash College Pty. Ltd. Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800 First Published: January 2009 Revised Printed: February 2013  © Copyright 2013 NOT FOR RESALE. All materials produced for this course of study are protected by copyright. Monash students are permitted to use theseRead MoreEffective Lesson Design And Backwards Design1215 Words   |  5 PagesPART 1: EFFECTIVE LESSON DESIGN AND BACKWARDS DESIGN The main issues or questions addressed in this section. †¢ An effective lesson design’s most important elements (Wiggins and McTighe, 1998). †¢ Criticality of good learning objectives as far as effective instruction is concerned †¢ Examples of good learning objectives in light with the Common Core State Standards †¢ The Common Pitfalls of Planning Effective lessons and how they can be avoided †¢ Meaning of backward design †¢ The manner in which Common-CoreRead MoreHow Content Area Teachers Plan And Design Instruction3294 Words   |  14 PagesModule 3 Responses 1. 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OurRead MoreOverview of Australian Criminal Law2015 Words   |  8 Pagesnature, basis and issues Case 1 is an appeal to the conviction rendered by District Court Judge Bradley on Roy Ivan Kennedy in Kennedy v Reimers [2010] 411 for violating Transport Operations Regulation 2009 in failing to stop for a yellow traffic arrow. Section 57 (2) of the said regulation states that a driver who is approaching ¦ a yellow traffic arrow ¦ must stop  ¦if there is a stop line or near the traffic arrow and the driver can stop safely before reading the stop line (SCLQLD, 2011). TheRead MoreCardiac Arrest and Rapid Response Team4949 Words   |  20 Pagesdefined a spirit of inquiry as an ongoing curiosity about the best evidence to guide clinical decision making. A spirit of inquiry is the foundation of EBP, and once nurses possess it, its easier to take the next step—to ask the clinical question.1 Formulating a clinical question in a systematic way makes it possible to find an answer more quickly and efficiently, leading to improved processes and patient outcomes.    In the last installment, we gave an overview of the multistep EBP process (The

Margaret Atwood s The Handmaid s Tale Essay - 1624 Words

An individual’s impression of control over and ownership of their own body is essential to their feeling of autonomy. Without some sense of bodily autonomy, it is difficult for individuals to establish their own emotional autonomy. Throughout history, this bodily autonomy has been impaired by sexual control and dominance. By painting dystopian societies that heavily restrict reproduction and sexuality, Margaret Atwood’s novel The Handmaid’s Tale, her poem A Woman’s Issue, and George Orwell’s 1984 all convey that sexual repression undermines individual identity and autonomy. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Atwood uses her description of the Ceremony to emphasize how Gileadean society controls sex in order to manipulate its citizens and force the women of Gilead into passivity and dissociation from their bodies. During the ritualistic Ceremony, the Handmaids are raped by their Commanders in hopes of becoming pregnant, the only semi-sexual relationship afforded to individuals within this social class. While during the Ceremony, intercourse is performed, Atwood heavily emphasizes the non-sexual nature of the Ceremony.The description of the Commander’s rhythmic movements shows a lack of involvement, and Offred’s description of the Commander â€Å"fucking† her lower body and not â€Å"making love† shows how dissociated she is from the action. Instead of an act of passion, Gilead has reduced sex to a highly ritualistic duty performed only for reproduction, preventing Handmaids from gaining agencyShow MoreRelatedThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1357 Words   |  6 PagesOxford definition: â€Å"the advocacy of women s rights on the ground of the equality of the sexes† (Oxford dictionary). In the novel The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood explores feminism through the themes of women’s bodies as political tools, the dynamics of rape culture and the society of complacency. Margaret Atwood was born in 1939, at the beginning of WWII, growing up in a time of fear. In the autumn of 1984, when she began writing The Handmaid’s Tale, she was living in West Berlin. The BerlinRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1249 Words   |  5 PagesDystopian Research Essay: The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood In the words of Erika Gottlieb With control of the past comes domination of the future. A dystopia reflects and discusses major tendencies in contemporary society. The Handmaid s Tale is a dystopian novel written by Margaret Atwood in 1985. The novel follows its protagonist Offred as she lives in a society focused on physical and spiritual oppression of the female identity. Within The Handmaid s Tale it is evident that through the explorationRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1060 Words   |  5 Pagesideologies that select groups of people are to be subjugated. The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood plays on this idea dramatically: the novel describes the oppression of women in a totalitarian theocracy. Stripped of rights, fertile women become sex objects for the politically elite. These women, called the Handmaids, are forced to cover themselves and exist for the sole purpose of providing children. The Handmaid’s Tale highlights the issue of sexism while also providing a cruel insight into theRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1659 Words   |  7 Pagesbook The Handmaid s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the foremost theme is identity, due to the fact that the city where the entire novel takes place in, the city known as the Republic of Gilead, often shortened to Gilead, strips fertile women of their identities. Gilead is a society that demands the women who are able to have offspring be stripped of all the identity and rights. By demeaning these women, they no longer view themselves as an individual, but rather as a group- the group of Handmaids. It isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1237 Words   |  5 Pages The display of a dystopian society is distinctively shown in The Handmaid’s Tale, by Margaret Atwood. Featuring the Republic of Gilead, women are categorized by their differing statuses and readers get an insight into this twisted society through the lenses of the narrator; Offred. Categorized as a handmaid, Offred’s sole purpose in living is to simply and continuously play the role of a child-bearing vessel. That being the case, there is a persistent notion that is relatively brought up by thoseRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, The theme of gender, sexuality, and desire reigns throughout the novel as it follows the life of Offred and other characters. Attwood begins the novel with Offred, a first person narrator who feels as if she is misplaced when she is describing her sleeping scenery at the decaying school gymnasium. The narrator, Offred, explains how for her job she is assigned to a married Commander’s house where she is obligated to have sex with him on a daily basis, so thatRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale, By Margaret Atwood1629 Words   |  7 Pages Atwood s novel, The Handmaid s Tale depicts a not too futuristic society of Gilead, a society that overthrows the U.S. Government and institutes a totalitarian regime that seems to persecute women specifically. Told from the main character s point of view, Offred, explains the Gilead regime and its patriarchal views on some women, known as the handmaids, to a purely procreational function. The story is set the present tense in Gilead but frequently shifts to flashbacks in her time at the RedRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1540 Words   |  7 Pages Name: Nicole. Zeng Assignment: Summative written essay Date:11 May, 2015. Teacher: Dr. Strong. Handmaid’s Tale The literary masterpiece The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, is a story not unlike a cold fire; hope peeking through the miserable and meaningless world in which the protagonist gets trapped. The society depicts the discrimination towards femininity, blaming women for their low birth rate and taking away the right from the females to be educated ,forbidding them from readingRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1256 Words   |  6 Pageshappened to Jews in Germany, slaves during Christopher Columbus’s days, slaves in the early 1900s in America, etc. When people systematically oppress one another, it leads to internal oppression of the oppressed. This is evident in Margaret Atwood’s book, The Handmaid’s Tale. This dystopian fiction book is about a young girl, Offred, who lives in Gilead, a dystopian society. Radical feminists complained about their old lifestyles, so in Gilead laws and rules are much different. For example, men cannotRead More The Handmaid s Tale By Margaret Atwood1667 Words   |  7 Pagesrhetorical devices and figurative language, that he or she is using. The Handmaid’s Tale, which is written by Margaret Atwood, is the novel that the author uses several different devices and techniques to convey her attitude and her points of view by running the story with a narrator Offred, whose social status in the Republic of Gilead is Handmaid and who is belongings of the Commander. Atwood creates her novel The Handmaid’s Tale to be more powerful tones by using imagery to make a visibleness, hyperbole

President Reagan Essay - 797 Words

Chloe Carr Professor Blodgett History 271 May 14 2013 Social Darwinism Shaping Reaganomics Ronald Reagan made many economic decisions that supported his beliefs in Social Darwinism throughout his presidency. Social Darwinism is considered to be the ideas of struggle for existence and â€Å"survival of the fittest,† a term coined by Herbert Spencer in order to justify social policies. Over time the individuals with superior biological characteristics will dominate populations that this super species possessed. Couples who possessed these special qualities would then pass them down to their offspring, creating an elite generation in the modern world. Dominic Sandbrook the author of Mad as Hell, The Crisis of the 1970s and the Rise of†¦show more content†¦Reagan implemented policies based on supply-side economics and advocated a classical liberal and laissez-faire philosophy, seeking to stimulate the economy with large, across-the-board tax cuts. Reagan’s outlook on economics was what he and the public called â€Å" Reaganomics†. â€Å"The blueprint for â€Å"Reaganomics,† was a sketched out supply-side approach to the economic, including massive cuts in income taxes, capital gains taxes, and corporate taxes,†(340). His platform advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending. Reagans policies proposed that economic growth would occur when marginal tax rates were low enough to spur investment, which would then lead to increased economic growth, higher employment, and wages. Reagan’s beliefs on cutting taxes were supported by ideas of William Sumner who believed that the best equipped to win the struggle for existence was the American businessman, and concluded that taxes and regulations serve as dangers to his survival. Reagan believed strong nations were composed of people who were successful at expanding their empires and these strong nations would s urvive in the struggle for dominance. Following his less-government intervention views, Reagan cut the budgets of non-military programs including Medicaid, foodShow MoreRelatedThe Reagan Doctrine Of President Reagan1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reagan Doctrine The term â€Å"doctrine† definition is â€Å"A statement of authorized government policy, especially in overseas concerns and military strategy† (â€Å"Doctrine†, n.d.). The expression Presidential doctrine means an ideological platform that a president uses to spread a policy towards a country or region in order to accomplish foreign policy objectives for the United States. Presidents like James Monroe, Harry S. Truman, and Richard Nixon etc. articulated their policies but amongst these executiveRead MorePresident Ronald Reagan And President Reagan1351 Words   |  6 Pages Being president is a huge responsibility, and there are some who have done an excellent job. Then there are others who have made our economy, as well as our country, go down the drain. However, I have to hand it to President Ronald Wilson Reagan, because the time he was in office he really pumped the country up, and did a tremendous job running it as well as helping in every way he could. Ronald Reagan was born on February 6, 1911, in Tampico, Illinois. Reagan passed away June 5, 2004,Read MoreRonald Reagan And President Reagan Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pagesgreatness, it is Ronald Reagan. And if there is a context in which to view the Presidency of Ronald Wilson Reagan, it is in the context of economics. In two scholarly biographies of our 40th president, The Reagan Effect by John W. Sloan, professor of political science at The University of Houston, and The Reagan Years written by several scholars and edited by Joseph Hogan, professor and head of the Department of Management at Birmingham Polytechnic Business School, Reagan and his presidency areRead MorePresident Reagan And The President Of The United States1647 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1981, a self-proclaimed Washington outsider took the oath as President of the United States of America. The country anxiously awaited to see if Ronald Reagan could keep the promises he made during the campaign trail; some of the promises he made were, to appoint the first female Supreme Court Justice and to change the ideology of the court. Reagan, a staunch republican hoped to sway the court right for the first time in decades. While, he was able to sway the court, complications fromRead MorePresident Reagan And The Soviet Union1249 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the cold war era, President Reagan’s strong anti-Soviet feelings and rhetorical â€Å"attack† style was an approach that his own administration saw as extreme and even dangerous (Rowland, p 23). And unlike many American leaders before him, who avoided the strained relations between the United States and Soviet Union, President Reagan set out to exploit and end communist tyranny. President Reagan’s devotion to ending tyranny was stronger than any other leader during the time period. For exampleRead MoreThe Legacy Of President Reagan1066 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best presidents in the U.S. was Ronald Reagan. He was characterized by the love he showed to the country, many even considered him a hero. Reagan prove the American population what a true president is and what to expect of a president. Furthermore, he had a great communication wi th individuals and just by saying one word he could persuade the whole nation. When Reagan became president he was sure on the things that had to be done for the country. He compromise on the cut of taxes, curbRead MoreReagan s Social Views On President Reagan1231 Words   |  5 PagesReagan s Social Views President Ronald Reagan is known in the history of the United States as one of the notable presidents who transformed the country. He not only appealed to the Americans, but the rest of the world as well. The success enjoyed by President Reagan was mainly due to the leadership qualities that he possessed (Reagan, 2009). This paper will look at the leadership qualities that enabled Reagan to be successful with analyzing how his leadership was viewed by the Americans and theRead MoreEssay on The Legacy of President Ronald Reagan1141 Words   |  5 Pages During the 1980s, the legacy of Ronald Reagan was reflected upon the Iran-Contra affair, the fall of communism, and the impact of illegal drugs. The Iran-Contra affair jeopardized the very legacy of the president. Reagan was appraised for and credited for the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the global threat of communism. Another form of threat to the legacy of Reagan and his administration was the threat of illegal drugs in t he United States. Thus proving how much the 1980s was an era ofRead MoreBiography of President Ronald Wilson Reagan948 Words   |  4 PagesRonald Wilson Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6, 1911 to Jack and Nelle Reagan. Jack enjoyed to talk politics, was an alcoholic, and often got drunk and lost his job, while Nelle was a very modest woman and helped the poor. Reagan was reading by age five from his mom teaching him and was baptized into the Disciple of Christ at age 11. In his free time he played football, ran track, and performed in plays, which he continued to do in his college, Eureka CollegeRead MorePresident Reagan Vs. Ronald Reagan2001 Words   |  9 PagesQuestion 2 Our current United State s president has a unique, magical, presidential gift of communication paired with strong president achievements. This special gift is something we saw 28 years ago in another president that America admired just as much and that was President Ronald Reagan. Barack Obama in certain occasions has been compared to Ronald Reagan, by having very similar leadership styles. However, since I was not born yet during Ronald Reagan s time in office, I am solely basing my

Feminism A Woman Mother Of Two Boys Lived On Of A Farmer

This quote supports that it is not just Emma Watson standing up for feminism in Hollywood but many voices are being said but not being heard. Celebrities are not the only ones who are speaking out about how and Watson’s speech or the he fishy campaign has changed their life or the movement. But normal people have spoken up about their experiences of feminism. In an article from the Telegraph a woman mother of two boys lived on of a farm. Before the speech she never really considered herself a feminism then when she had a speech she started to question her life and the role model that she wanted to be for her sons explaining boys do this and girls can’t do this. She then decided to take action and be better feminist role model for her sons†¦show more content†¦We have to embrace the problematic trend if we want a chance at change; we have to support the shift if we want a chance at being heard.†(Butler, 2016, online) This clearly states that feminism is becoming popular in so many different aspects of the world such as Hollywood red and fashion and politics. Two years after her speech at the UN she then did a speech at one Young world. She discussed her experiences after the speech about opening Pandora’s Box about feminism and at best Emma Watson have been realised the criticism that she had to face. However she discussed the positives that came from the speech and the changes that made that she’s found people that she has a lot in common with that feminism she has found her tribe. She made a clear point of that this is of building an unstoppable current feminist movement, gender equality is more important than any other goal because it’s everyone’s goal. She also informs the audience of the scholarship in game in her name which is about the progress of gender equality in the world is. This speech is a clear of her using her feminist theories and her work towards gender equality which is telling theory. A quote about the quality of both men and women as well as the feminist movement which is very much related to what Watson discusses is, â€Å"this action has led many anti-liberal feminists to reject rights as fundamentally patriarchal and inappropriate to feminists politics and theory that is interested in equality both amongShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of O Pioneers By Willa Cather1038 Words   |  5 Pages O Pioneers by Willa Cather sets itself apart from other novels of its time because of what its stands for, feminism. It exemplifies women’s equality, represented by the main character, Alexandra, by showing her survival in a male dominated society. She succeeded in building her female identity and achieved a sense of female attainment by revolutionizing the wild land and struggling for her equal rights with all that surrounded her. This paper focuses on the feminist thoughts and the positive attitudeRead MoreFeminism : Mary Wollstonecraft1734 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world of 2017, feminism is more relevant and controversial than ever, with a new, controversial president and more and more women in positions of power. However, feminism has changed and evolved since the first writers expressed their wish for more women’s rights, as do all movements. â€Å"It is time to †¦ restore to them their lost dignity—and make them, as a part of the huma n species, labour by reforming themselves to reform the world,† wrote Mary Wollstonecraft in her Vindication in theRead MoreGender Is A Social Aspect Essay2061 Words   |  9 Pagescaused confusion for some about the true meaning, through this, two perspectives have come to light. Those who believe that gender is something that you are born with, your biological self that differentiates you from your opposite (male/female). Then there are those who believe that gender is a social constructed aspect of ones life. What your parents and society label you the minute you are born. Examples being a girl wears pink, a boy wears blue. These colours are a significant symbol of assigningRead MorePost Colonial Perception on the Grass Is Singing4315 Words   |  18 Pages The Grass Is Singing The Grass Is Singing, first published in 1950, was an international success. The story focuses on Mary Turner, the wife of a farmer, who is found murdered on the porch of her home. After her body is found, we are taken back to her younger days and slowly discover what happened to her.  The background, location of this story is set in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in South AfricaRead MoreConstructing My Cultural Identity6012 Words   |  25 Pagesof a Black heterosexual woman living in Canada. It is an approach—a framework—from which one can challenge systems of Erica Neegan is a doctoral candidate at the University of Toronto. Her research interest includes Indigenous Knowledges, Black feminist thought and anti-colonial and decolonizing pedagogy. 272 Constructing My Cultural Identity domination in society. A Black feminist discourse helps me to tell my story and reclaim my identity as a Black woman. As Wane (2002) notes inRead MoreCompare and Contrast - Women5945 Words   |  24 PagesToday Comfortable III. Jobs a. Opportunities 1. 100 years Didn’t have much of a opportunities 2. Women Today Have a lot more opportunities Career Option: Back in the beginning of the 1900s, having a career as a woman was almost unheard of. Of course, one may stumble upon a woman who was locally famous for taking care of her family through work in the absence of a male provider or husband. Women were expected to stay at home, take care of the children and let their husband bring home the payRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages.................................................................. 55 Scientists and Mathematicians: Charles Darwin (and his revolutionary Theory of Natural Selection) ...................................................... 57 Jane Goodall (She lived with wild chimpanzees!) .................................................................................... 59 Marie Curie (Famous female scientist) ................................................................................................Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBlack, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics ofRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesIncludes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabled us to survive and thrive This page intentionally left blank Foreword One of the most useful things about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to CultureRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesculture Creating a culture that gives meaning to work Developing understanding of culture Developing a ‘practical theory’ of organizational culture The vehicles of culture The processes of the communication of culture The ‘heart of culture’ A tale of two cultures How neo-modernist organization theory develops challenges in the design of organizations The processual perspective Design and development Conclusions: does neo-modernist organization theory exercise challenges for new visions of the organization

Management Accounting Guanxi

Question: Discuss about the Management Accounting for Guanxi. Answer: In the recent years, several researchers have examined traits that influence the management accounting approaches in China and variations in its market-oriented economy. In relation to Chinas management accounting approach, it has been observed that the structure of ownership like Joint Venture, etc, is the most relevant determinant for adoption level of such practice in a particular firm, while the effect of management accounting strategies is less relevant as compared to the ownership type (Tian, 2007). Further, level and size of knowledge of senior managers in China can highly affect changes in management accounting approach, and the government possesses little influence on such changes. In relation to Australasian firms, more reliance is exerted upon historical accounting statements, budgeting, and standard costing in the approach of management accounting. This depicts that Australasian firms pay higher attention to measures that are utilized for planning and controlling expenses, thereby assisting in preparing financial statements. In general, guanxi is about establishing a network of mutually advantageous relationships that can be utilized for business as well as personal purposes. Therefore, it is not very distinct than the relevance of having a powerful network while doing business in any country. Besides, in relation to Chinese business, guanxi plays a far more relevant role (So Walker, 2006). This is because, in other parts of the world, businesspersons can break a deal through formal business meetings, in China it is significant to spend some time in order to get to know about the Chinese correlatives outside the meeting room during dinner banquets or tea sessions (Goh Sullivan, 2011). Hence, it has become a medium of establishing trust, that law cannot offer for Chinese businesspersons and they can feel more comfortable doing business with companies having strong guanxi, as they can trust them easily. Guanxi can easily fit into the western ethical approach to accounting because it relates to a favor-seeking representation of a wider ideology of social networking. It can prove to be a beneficial tool while investigating the interactive sessions of a group accommodating western professionals and can assist in establishing differences in the moral constructions based on types of employment (Gao, 2006). Furthermore, various studies state that guanxi can be utilized in the examination of western attitudes towards interpersonal connections within the context of business based on commonalities betwixt western ethical approach and guanxi. However, many studies contrast this viewpoint and regard guanxi as unethical in relation to western approach to accounting. In reality, it can offer relevant benefits for all the business parties (western accounting) who identify the cultural relevance of its attempt to implement them during negotiations in business transactions (Yang, 2011). Power distance is a cultural phenomenon, which is the method that people consider the power distribution and how they even define power, are subject to each cultures biases. Whilst some cultures are happier to accept inequality, some are not. Therefore, the extent to which a low ranking person of a society expect and accept that power is unequally distributed, is called power distance (Madlock, 2012). Moreover, people with a higher power distance are more likely to align with a hierarchy wherein everyone has a place and that needs no additional justification. Although leadership styles betwixt Australia and Chinese cultures are quite different, yet both have been developing and indications of convergence are emerging. Hence, the prospect of leadership has enhanced over time and can be viewed as a holistic measure rather than dependence on cultural settings. In relation to Australian/New Zealand managers, they focus on aspects of the long-term planning of future, strategic planning, human relationships, and profit generation. Moreover, recent approaches have exerted importance on the value of respecting employees, promoting their enhancement of career, and valuing their contribution. However, Chinese managers focus on improving employees by personal development. Further, they expect to consider ethical considerations in contrast to the procurement of profit (Madlock, 2012). Other aspects of their approaches include the assumption of a role of an inspirational character, thereby leading to promote harmony, equality, and simple living with o thers and nature as a whole. References Gao, Y. Q. (2006). Building Guanxi with Government for Foreign Companies in China: A Case Study on the Application of Commitment Instrument. The Business Review, 6(2), 119-125. Goh, A Sullivan, M. (2011). The Most Misunderstood Business Concept In China, Retrieved April 11, 2017 from https://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-misunderstood-business-concept-in-china-2011-2?IR=T Madlock P. E. (2012).The influence of power distance and communication on Mexican workers.International Journal of Business Communication, 49, 169184. So, Y. L., Walker, A. (2006). Explaining Guanxi: the Chinese business network. London: Eoutledge. Tian, X. W. (2007). Managing International Business in China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Yang, F. (2011). The Importance of Guanxi to Multinational Companies in China. Asian Social Science, 7(7), 163-166

The People of the State of New York V John C. Mitchell

Question: Describe about the procedural history in the case of The People of the State of New York V John C. Mitchel? Answer: Procedural History The procedural history in the case of The People of the State of New York V John C. Mitchell has been that the defendant had been convicted for committing second degree murder during the jury trial as he had stabbed a prostitute to death. The defendant had claimed that the conviction should be reversed since the conviction was based on the privileged statements which were solicited improperly by a police guard. The trial court had held that the statements made by the defendant were not privileged and the Appellate court had also affirmed the statement. Facts The facts state that the defendant who was a resident of Waterloo, New York was previously indicted for causing the death of his girlfriend. He had met the victim in a hotel bar and they had later seen moving towards the defendants room. The next afternoon the victims body was found in the defendants hotel room and showed that she had been stabbed a number of times. The defendant was not seen leaving the room that morning. Issue or Issues The primary issue in the case as stated by the court was the identification of the murderer of the victim. Answer Yes. The Court affirmed the decision of the Appellate Division. Reason With regard to the decision of the court the reason given was that the intention of the accused was not the issue in the case and that the error was not adequate to reverse the decision of the conviction of the defendant. Further the court also stated that the obvious and possible result of the act committed by the person should have been presumed. Reference The PEOPLE of the State of New York, v. John C. MITCHELL, 58 N.Y.2d 368 (Court of Appeals of New York 1983).

Human Resource Management Affecting Employee Engagement

Question: Discuss about the Human Resource Management for Affecting Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisations in managing their human resources/workforces/employees and optimising their performances by using concepts, such as performance management, training and development, compensation and benefits, career planning and management, selection and recruitment, etc. In the present day world, due to the spread of globalisation, the competition between business organisations has reached a global level. The competition is so fierce that only the toughest can survive in the long run. In such a scenario, it has become very difficult for companies to rely upon business operations and processes to achieve market competencies as they can be easily replicated. In such conditions, business organisations can only rely upon their human resources that can help them in achieving market competencies. Therefore, it has become very important for business organisations to optimise the performance of the employees by improving the work conditions for them because competitive and productive employees will help the company in achieving its organisational goals and objectives. Management of human resources in multinational companies is becoming difficult than ever. With the rise in opportunities for the talented workforce and due to the spread of globalisation, attracting and retaining global talent has become one of the key issues that haunts almost all the companies. Further, it has also become difficult to keep the employees engaged so that they could remain productive and competitive. In this assignment, we will discuss a number of ways in which companies can ensure better employee engagement so that the global talent can be attracted and retained within the organisations. Literature Review Employee Engagement Employee engagement is about creating opportunities for employees that can help them to connect with their co-workers, managers and the organisation in a better way. Some also consider employee engagement as creating an environment where the employees are motivated to work harder and be connected with their work and the organisation on the while. An engaged employee tries his or her best to optimise the performance of the whole unit and contribute more towards the success of organisational goals and objectives (MacLeod and Clarke, n.d.). Retaining And Attracting Employees In Mncs Companies these days are spending millions of dollars every year to manage their human resources in the best possible way. Human resource management departments are arranging for training and development programs for the employees and are trying their level best to increase their competencies. In multinational companies, there are expatriates (employees working away from their home countries) who have specially designed compensations benefits, training programs, etc. When such employees leave an organisation, it acts as a huge loss for the companies. First of all, the company loses its talent that it has been trying to develop over a period of time. Secondly, the resources invested by the company go in vain as the employees leave the organisation. Thirdly, they create vacancies and it is a complex task to fill up the vacancies through internal as well as external recruiting. Lastly, high labour turnover rates are always a nightmare for the companies as they can damage the market rep utation of the company. Thus, it has become really important for the business organisations to retain their employees. At some point of time, companies have to recruit new staff to meet the demands of the human resources of various departments in the organisation. Companies can either recruit new staff through internal recruitment methods, such as promotions, transfers, re-employment, etc. or they can chose external recruitment methods, such as campus recruitment, job portals, recruitment through professional recruiters, etc. When the companies go for recruitment in the market, it is their reputation which attracts the capable candidates to apply for the vacant jobs. If the company has a good market reputation it will be able to attract a greater pool of talent whereas if it does not have a good reputation in the market, it would not be able to attract a good pool of talent. If a company is not able to attract candidates to work for its organisation, it would become very difficult to fill up the vacant positions in the organisation. Therefore, it is important for business organisations to be able to retain as well as to attract a good pool of talented employees (Buck and Watson, 2002). Employee Engagement And Staff Retaining In the past few years, the human resource management of various companies have come to realize that employee engagement is an important concept that can help business organisations in optimising the performance of their employees (MACEY and SCHNEIDER, 2008). Engaging the employees helps business organisations in making the employees more committed towards their jobs and the organisation. When the employees demonstrate greater commitment towards their jobs and the organisation, they become more loyal and they try to contribute towards the achievement of organisations strategic goals and objectives with the best of their efforts. Let us now discuss some advantages of engaging employees for an organisation: Employee satisfaction research indicates that if a company is able to engage its employees, their job satisfaction levels increase exponentially. When the employees are engaged and are satisfied with their work, they also show high loyalty towards their jobs and towards the organisation. Ultimately, they play a huge role in the fulfilment of companys strategic goals and objectives. Productive employees who are engaged turn out to be the top performers in the organisation as they are committed to go an extra mile to achieve success for them as well as for the business. With increased engagement, employees also experience greater feeling of motivation and consequently they show reduced absenteeism. HayGroup performed a research in the same field and concluded that the offices with engaged employees turned out to be 43 percent more productive (Crosby, n.d.). Retention and recruitment retaining and recruiting a good pool of talent is the key to success for all business organisations. Engaged employees can help a company in bringing down their employee turnover rates due to greater loyalty towards work and organisation. When the employees are engaged and satisfied with their jobs, they tend to stick to their organisation for a longer period of time and have a lesser tendency to quit. With high retention rates, business organisations are also able to attract new and fresh pool of talent (Duncan, 2015). Innovation keeping the employees engaged in the workplace can also help a company in fostering a creative environment in the workplace. Engaged employees show excellent performances and make the workplace interesting. The employees who are engaged with the organisation feel a greater responsibility towards the success of the organisation and they strive to create new products and services that would help the company in gaining market competencies. Profitability Companies that are able to keep its employees engaged have also shown higher profitability. It is obvious that the employees who are engaged in work will show higher efficiency and productivity, which will ultimately help in increasing the overall profitability of the company. Further, engaged employees also play an important role in bringing down the operating costs and increasing the profit margins (Duncan, 2015). Improved communication one of the key factors for the success of business organisations is a proper communication system in the workplace. It has been found that engaged employees are more likely to be open communicators than disgruntled ones. The communication will be proper and the scope for mis-communication will also decrease to a great extent (Cook, 2008). Better morale of the staff having high staff morale is also important from the view point of the company. If the staff lacks high morale, the productivity and efficiency will fall and it will become very difficult for the management to motivate them. On the other hand, if the employees are engaged, they show higher morale and it becomes easier to motivate them. They also introduce positivity in the workplace and the positive vibes shared by them helps in fostering a positive work environment (Duncan, 2015). Satisfied customers engaged employees have a number of benefits and increased customer satisfaction is another added advantage of having a pool of engaged employees. Engaged employees show higher dedication levels and are motivated enough to go an extra mile for attending the customers and solving their complaints in the best possible manner. Reduced labour turnover and absenteeism it is said that an empty mind is a devils workshop, which means that if the employees are not given challenging work or any work that interests them, their minds will start to work in a negative direction. Such employees start taking unnecessary leaves and might even quit the organisation to join a better company. If the management is able to keep the employees engaged by providing them with interesting and challenging work, it will be able to prevent their minds from being affected by negativity. As a result, the organisation will be able to being its labour turnover rates and absenteeism down (Cook, 2008). How To Engage Employees As discussed above, it has become highly important for business organisations to keep their employees engaged as they are the key to all the success that a company can achieve. As it also helps business organisations in bringing down their employee turnover rates and to attract and retain global talent, it makes it even more important for national and multinational companies to adopt strategies that would help them in increasing the levels of employee engagement in the organisation. Let us now discuss some human resource strategies that can help business organisations in increasing the level of employee engagement in the workplace: Job Enrichment job enrichment is a relatively new concept that has come up in the past few years. Job enrichment is a process that aims at providing tough and challenging work to the employees in order to keep them interested in their jobs by making the work conditions better. It has been found that boring and monotonous work can have a negative impact on the engagement and performance levels of the employees. When the employees are given the same work to do every day, they become bored of their work and tend to take unnecessary leaves. In extreme cases, the employees have also been noticed to quit organisations that do not provide them adequate work opportunities. Employees prefer an environment where they have a chance to grow and develop their careers but in absence of such an environment, they become demotivated and tend to switch to organisations that have better opportunities. On the other hand, job enrichment is an approach that makes the workplace very interesting for the employees. The employees are offered exciting tasks on regular basis, which provides them with an opportunity to test their skills and knowledge. It helps in killing their boredom and they become motivated to fulfil the responsibilities assigned to them by their seniors. As a resu lt, the employees show greater engagement, loyalty and commitment while the overall absenteeism and labour turnover rates decrease. Thus, one of the best ways to keep the employees engaged is by adopting a job enrichment strategy at the workplace (Cook, 2008). Affinity one of the basic human needs is to have a belief in something, especially when it comes to work. When the employees do not have a strong belief in what they are doing, they will definitely use their hands and feet to work but they would not dedicate their heart and mind to it. Employees who do not find affinity at their workplaces start looking for it either in the community or at home. The end result of lack of affinity or when the employees find it outside is that they bring their hands and feet to work but they leave behind their mind and heart i.e. they are physically present during the work but are mentally absent. Organisations that have the ability to provide affinity to their employees have outperformed the ones which have been unable to provide affinity to the employees. Thus, the need to make the employees more enthusiastic about their work generates the need to engage them in the workplace (Cook, 2008). One of the best ways to engage the employees is to challenge them and keep them involved in something that is worthwhile. For many years, it was believed that a sense of urgency was the only way to keep the employees engaged but it was later found out that it could only help in achieving a momentarily engagement. The organisations then realized that they need a better reason and way to engage the employees. Thus, they have recently come up with something new. The present day organisations are trying their best to keep the employees engaged by altruism. The organisations have started to shift their focus from numbers to individuals and have started making them realize that they need to perform to achieve some human needs rather than the fulfilment of organisational greed. The feeling that performing better will help in the fulfilment of ones own needs helps in motivating the employees and engaging them to a very good extent as there is always a natural affinity in people for success, for winning and for achieving excellence (Industryweek.com, 2016). Involvement another strategy that can help in increasing employee engagement is involvement. It has been found that people have a natural tendency to support what they have created. Therefore, by giving the workers an opportunity to be involved in important matters of the organisation given them a feeling of belongingness. When they are involved in important matters of the organisation, they get a feeling of pride, ownership and a deep sense of fulfilment of needs, which helps in motivating them and fostering a creative environment. Sometimes, companies can engage their employees up to a great extent only by allowing them to form teams and chose their team members or leaders on their own. It might seem to be too simple to engage employees but it is true. A number of human behaviour experts have recognized belongingness as an important need that can help in motivating the employees. Thus, if the management is able to provide involvement opportunities to the employees and make them feel that they matter to the organisation, they can easily increase the level of engagement that the employees have in the organisation (Industryweek.com, 2016). Empowering The Employees a management can never discover the potential of its employee unless it stops to micromanage them and starts to empower them. The management should empower the employees to take important decisions, which would allow them to build their confidence and strengthen their self-trust. Empowering might sound easy to be done but it requires a lot of efforts on the part of a leader to step back and let the employees take some charge. The leaders of the organisation should be confident enough to step back, allow their followers to try something new and pick them up even if they fail in doing so. When the employees will be empowered in such a way that would allow them to explore endless possibilities, they would definitely become more engaged (Forbes.com, n.d.). Share Your Success To Build Momentum if a company likes to keep secrets and wants its leaders to enjoy all the success alone, it can become really difficult to motivate the employees and keep them engaged. The leaders of the organisation should always share their success with the employees, who have had a key role in achieving it. Sharing the overall success with the employees gives them a feeling that they are an important part of the accomplishments and gives them a sign of trust that helps in creating employee engagement (Forbes.com, n.d.). Performance Management one of the best ways to ensure continuous and long term employee engagement is by implementing a performance management system in the organisation. A performance management system allows the organisation to foster a workplace environment where the main stress is laid upon the performance shown by the employees. It includes assessing, reviewing and sharing the performance of all the employees and appreciating them in case of good performance or finding out ways to train them for performing even better. Performance management systems are always attached with some types of incentives or awards that are aimed at keeping the employees motivated and oriented towards performing better than their peers. Such an environment makes the workplace challenging for the employees and they show greater levels of engagement (Garber, 2007). 7 CS Of Employee Engagement Following are the seven essential elements that can help leaders in engaging employees hands, hearts and heads: Connect The leaders of the organisations should be able to make the employees feel that they are of a great value to the company. It has been found that even though compensation, benefits and incentives play an important role in motivating and keeping the employees engaged, a fractured relation between the manager and an employee can cause a lot of damage to the employees engagement. Career Another efficient way of engaging the employees is by providing them with challenging and meaningful work with opportunities for career development. Effective leaders have the capability of challenging the employees and at the same time making them feel confident about the challenge given to them. Such leaders can easily keep the employees engaged (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Clarity Another important requirement to keep the employees engaged is to have a clear vision set in their minds. The employees desire a complete and clear vision of what the organisation wants them to achieve. Success in the business world and employee engagement is only possible when the vision and mission of the organisation are clearly defined in the mind of the whole workforce. Convey another efficient way to keep the employees engaged is by conveying the expectations of the organisation to the employees and providing them a feedback about their performances. It requires the leaders to carefully examine his followers and work on them to achieve little improvement day by day. Contribute human resource management is largely dependent on the needs of the employees that derives their performance and motivation levels. One such need of the employees is to know that in what ways their inputs are helping the organisation in achieving what it wants to achieve. If the managers are able to provide them a review of the contribution that they have made towards the overall performance of the organisation, they can easily ensure greater employee engagement in the organisation (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Control another need of the employees is to have the ability to control the flow and pace of their jobs, which can be created by the leaders to ensure greater engagement. The leaders should be aware about the needs of the employees and it should be possible for the employees to approach their leaders and ask for their help if they are facing some problem in their work life or personal life. Such an environment can help in creating job engagement in the organisation as it will form a give and take relation. Collaboration studies have also shown that employees working in teams that have trust and cooperation amongst its members are able to outperform those teams which lack trust and cooperation. Leaders of the organisation can ensure employee engagement and higher productivity by building an environment where there is trust and cooperation amongst the employees. It provides the employees with the opportunity to demonstrate their leadership qualities and be a part of something bigger than them (Iveybusinessjournal.com, 2016). Conclusion From the above information, it is clear that it has become very important for multinational companies to keep their employees engaged if they want to retain them and attract talented pool of employees in the future. Employee engagement is not just beneficial for the employers but is equally important for the employees as it helps them to perform better and develop their careers. On the other hand, for the employers, employee engagement can help in bringing down absenteeism turnover rates while it helps in increasing the productivity, creativity and overall performance of the company. From the view point of the business organisations, keeping the employees engaged might be a difficult task but the benefits of having a workforce of engaged employees makes the efforts worth it. The strategies discussed above are few of the many strategies that companies are using these days to keep their employees engaged. Irrespective of the size of a company i.e. small, medium or large, all companies can make use of the strategies mentioned above and can easily ensure high employee engagement at the workplace. Therefore, all companies and organisational leaders should try their best to ensure employee engagement at the workplace. References Explorance.com. (2016). 6 Ways You Can Benefit From Employee Engagement. [online] Available at: https://explorance.com/6-ways-you-can-benefit-from-employee-engagement-2/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A. and Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(15). Ang, E. (n.d.). Employee Engagement. SSRN Electronic Journal. Buck, J. and Watson, J. (2002). Retaining Staff Employees: The Relationship Between Human Resources Management Strategies and Organizational Commitment. Innovative Higher Education, 26(3), pp.175-193. Building relationships for retention. (2009). Strategic Direction, 25(7), pp.6-10. Crosby, D. (n.d.). Improving Employee Retention in the Public Sector by Increasing Employee Engagement. SSRN Electronic Journal. DeCenzo, D. and Robbins, S. (1996). Human resource management. New York: Wiley. Dr. V. Tulasi Das, D. and Ch.Vijayalakshmi, C. (2011). Employee Engagement Strategies For Enhancing Employee Competitiveness To Organizational Success. IJAR, 1(12), pp.137-140. Duncan, D. (2015). 7 Great Benefits of Engaging your Staff. [online] PARiM Workforce Software. Available at: https://parim.co/7-great-benefits-of-engaging-your-staff [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Forbes.com. (n.d.). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2015/02/02/6-things-wise-leaders-do-to-engage-their-employees/3/#41a25a02473f [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Ganesh, A. (2016). Employee Engagement-A Means to Employee Involvement. IIMS Jrnl. Mgmt. Sci., 7(2), p.165. Gberevbie, D. (2008). Employee Retention Strategies And Organizational Performance. IFE PsychologIA, 16(2). Griffeth, R. and Hom, P. (2001). Retaining valued employees. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications. MACEY, W. and SCHNEIDER, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Indust Organizational Psychol, 1(1), pp.3-30. MacLeod, D. and Clarke, N. (n.d.). Engaging for success: enhancing performance through employee engagement. Rich, B., Lepine, J. and Crawford, E. (2010). Job Engagement: Antecedents and Effects on Job Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), pp.617-635. Cook, S. (2008). The essential guide to employee engagement. London: Kogan Page. Industryweek.com. (2016). Three Strategies for Employee Engagement. [online] Available at: https://www.industryweek.com/engagement/three-strategies-employee-engagement [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016]. Tips on employee retention. (2008). [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Garber, P. (2007). 50 activities for employee engagement. Amherst, Mass.: HRD Press. Vestal, K. (2012). Which Matters: Employee Satisfaction or Employee Engagement?. Nurse Leader, 10(6), pp.10-11. Iveybusinessjournal.com. (2016). What Engages Employees the Most OR, the Ten Cs of Employee Engagement . [online] Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/what-engages-employees-the-most-or-the-ten-cs-of-employee-engagement/ [Accessed 23 Aug. 2016].

The Art of Being Lonely a Portrayal of the Lives of Chinese Women of the Post

Because of their being not ready for the shift from a WWII to the post-WWII environment and the change in values, Chinese women were highly susceptible and extremely vulnerable to the lures of the â€Å"New Shanghai,† which led the main character of Wang’s novel The Song of Everlasting Sorrow: A novel of Shanghai, Wang Qiyao, to the bitter realization of the fact that in any kind of relationship, be it between the ones in love with each other or between relatives, both parties are doomed to mutual misunderstanding and eventually being used, which means that at the end of the day, every single human being is lonely.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Being Lonely: a Portrayal of the Lives of Chinese Women of the Post-wwii Generation. Wang Anyi’s ‘the Song of Everlasting Sorrow’ Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the many faces of loneliness, or, to be more ex act, the necessity to comply with the false morals of the post-war Chinese society, shows clearly that, by trying to subvert to a new definition of freedom and equality without even questioning its meaning, people were trying to make up for the void inside. Mentioned at the very beginning of the novel, these false morals, however, do not portray the post-40s Chinese world as something to be shunned or ashamed of; instead, Anyi clarifies delicately that the give misconception stemmed from the clash of the Chinese culture and the European one. Nevertheless, the air of misunderstanding that contributes to distancing the characters from each other even more is expressed in a very graphic manner: â€Å"One exalts Ibsen’s Nora as a spiritual leader for having the courage to leave home while deep down inside idolizing Oriole in The Western Wing, who finds a strong man she can depend on for the rest of her life† (Anyi 15). Truly, one should not jump to conclusions concerning t he mendacity of the post-war society; instead, the given phenomenon can be viewed as the willingness to comply with the progress of the West while trying to retain the traditional Chinese values. As a result, the Chinese people of the 1940s–1950s were luring themselves into thinking that they can live a better, more exciting and luxurious life according to the elitist standards of the New Shanghai, while not being able to part with the ideas that they had learned at their mother’s knees and have been living their entire life according to. Trying to follow the fashionable fads and finding that the latter offered them nothing but emptiness and false expectations, the Chinese people felt betrayed and lonely.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Speaking of the characters, neither the lead one, i.e., Wang, nor any of the supporting ones escape the clutches of lonesome ness. The given idea can also be traced in the story of some characters. For example, the following description of Mr. Cheng pretty much incorporates the history of the Chinese people’s fascination and the following disappointment in the distant 1940s: â€Å"In the 1940s photography was still a modern hobby, which naturally made Mr. Cheng a modern youth. [†¦] He was fickle in his interests, always tiring of the old and moving on to the new† (Anyi 78). The desire to follow the trend instead of relying on the traditional values leaves one roaming in search for another fad, feeling finally devoid of any substance. Needless to say, the atmosphere of rivalry and cunningness that the Hollywood is shot through does not give many reasons to hope for the characters to get more in tune with each other, either. By stressing the vulgarity of the Hollywood morals, as well as the shallowness of its actors and actresses, Anyi explains that the glamorous New Shanghai, which was p ractically trying to recapture the specifics of the Western culture, simultaneously paying zero respect to the traditional Chinese one, made the distance between the Chinese people even greater. As Anyi put it, â€Å"He [Mr. Chang] especially despised Hollywood movies and the women in them, who displayed nothing but feminine shallowness. Those Hollywood actresses were not fit to hold a candle to men playing female roles in Peking operas† (Anyi 108). Splitting into the traditional rural and the highly modernized urban parts, the Chinese community was becoming more disintegrated, which resulted in people distancing from each other.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Art of Being Lonely: a Portrayal of the Lives of Chinese Women of the Post-wwii Generation. Wang Anyi’s ‘the Song of Everlasting Sorrow’ Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can be argued, though, that Anyi portrays a number of moments in which her characters interact with each other rather successfully; moreover, they seem to be completely in tune with each other and appear to be forming close friendship. However, at the end of the day, most of these relationships turn out to be based on the needs of one of the characters. Another argument against the idea of depressing theme filling Anyi’s work is that the author portrays very convincing development of relationships that are typically looked down at and even mentioned with a pinch of irony, e.g., friendship between two women. However, these relationships often turn out to be based on something as low as gossip: â€Å"If the longtang of Shanghai could dream, that dream would be gossip† (Anyi 9). Finally, it can be argued that the novel portrays not only the relationships in which one of the parties is necessarily the love interest of another one, but also the ones in which a man and a woman form a friendship, which is a rather or iginal solution. Indeed, whenever seeing a female and a male character spending at least a chapter of a book having a talk, the readers will inevitably think them to be enamored with each other. To her credit, Anyi breaks this obnoxious clichà © by showing that the relationships between Mr. Cheng and Wang can take an unexpected turn and that there might be a strong emotional connection between them: â€Å"’If I had a sister†¦ and were able to choose what she was like,’ said Mr. Cheng. ‘I would pick someone just like you’† (Anyi 93).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the charming atmosphere of mutual trust and the reconciliation between two kindred spirits is shattered by the fact that they will actually never be able to become more than acquaintances. The last and the most important, in this conversation, one of the characters is far from being as serious as another; unlike Mr. Chang, Wang considers the atmosphere â€Å"playful† (Anyi 93) enough not to take Mr. Cheng’s words as something important. Thus, the given scene is shot through with the idea of loneliness as the only possible escape for the people of the post-WWII era. Therefore, every single sentence of Anyi’s novel rings with the idea of loneliness as the only option for the Chinese women of the post-WWI China, with its empty luxury and pointless attractions, which stress the distance between people taking part in it even more. Reminding of the fleetingness of life and the fact that reaching complete understanding between two people is practically impossi ble, Aniy’s novel offers its readers a bitter reconciliation with their fears. Works Cited Aniy, Wang. The Song of Everlasting Sorrow: A Novel of Shanghai. n. d. Web. This essay on The Art of Being Lonely: a Portrayal of the Lives of Chinese Women of the Post-wwii Generation. Wang Anyi’s ‘the Song of Everlasting Sorrow’ Analysis was written and submitted by user Sullivan Reed to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

3M Rhythm of Change Essay Example

3M Rhythm of Change Essay Example 3M Rhythm of Change Essay 3M Rhythm of Change Essay 3M Rhythm of Change BY atnee126 3Ms rhythm of change: 3M started as a mining and manufacturing company but soon developed into and moving toward technological innovations and products an example of steady rejuvenation. This kind of change was continuous throughout the life cycle of the company. The change started when a young book keeper named William L. McKnight took the place of 3Ms sales manager and observed the quality problems with companys products. He started with a systematic change which eventually took effort after 14 years of the start of 3M, turning losses into profits. This systematic change lead to a fermented revolution when in 1916, 3M took up technological activities by setting up its first lab, thus leading to an educated reform. Okies employment was an example of inadvertent rejuvenation, following his footsteps many employees started working and developing their ideas with no restrictions what so ever. All this was a result of one sales managers efforts. McKnights approval of Central Research Laboratory (CSR), the idea of tripod-like stability, and the approach to make a little, ell a little lead to imperative rejuvenation, thus a solid ground for learning and sharing knowledge was created within 3M, this approach of McKnights was to support the much desired organic change within the company. McKnight believed that innovative development was feasible only in an organization in which people are given considerable freedom. Awards like dual ladder, Carlton Society, and Golden Step Award Program were also initiatives to support organic change. Although McKnight started with a systematic change, soon after, change became dramatic hen he took over the position of CEO and later President, but still there was a support for organic change. After McKnight, came the era of Lou Lehr who kept going for the dramatic change with a driven revolution. As a successor of McKnight he went forward with the planned reform as he launched the Genesis Program to support individual promising ideas and The Circle of Technical Excellence for team efforts, and finally an ambitious program Cooperating for Growth. Lehr set an example of driven rejuvenation in the company as he set a personal example for being the eveloper of surgical tapes when he was a chemical engineer in the company. After Lou Lehr, Lake Jacobson also made some dramatic changes when he added more than 20 new technologies and introduced the ]35 program in the company. Although Jacobson continued Lehrs RD funding process, he was more into disciplined development process he wanted more focus in the choice of project development and an early introduction of new products in the market. Jacobson was much ridged in his approach as he introduced the Placing Programs which limited the support for rganic change by selecting only 100 developmental programs and ideas put forward by the employees, furthermore it became difficult for employees to find 15% of their time to work on their own ideas. But still this dramatic change led to an over achievement of target in 1991 at the time of Jacobsons retirement. When Desi DeSimone became CEO, he observed that the dramatic changes of his predecessors had led to a command and control system in the company even though it was decentralized. Although he wanted to combine the management styles of his agent of dramatic change.

Imagery and Symbols in On the Road essays

Imagery and Symbols in On the Road essays The Imagery and Symbols in Jack Kerouacs On the Road On the Road tells the story of a cross-country trip with a reckless group of characters that keep finding themselves in interesting situations. The characters are faced with several adventures that work at unraveling the story. The author, Jack Kerouac, uses imagery and symbols in On the Road to develop the theme. Kerouac wrote about his cross-country trips exactly as they occurred. The novel deals with the frenetic travels around the country of young people who, though poor, were in love with life, love, sex, drugs, jazz, and mysticism, and completely rejected the standard values of the time, (Vopat 387). The book immediately struck controversy in Americas society after its publication because of its content. Dean Moriarty, the main character in the novel is a young jail kid who is wholly emancipated from normalcy. His speech itself is a delirium of words, (Soitos 184). The problem became evident. Kerouac had created a fad. Bruce Cook, writer of the Beat Generation, describes it as, there was a sort of instantaneous flash of recognition that seemed to send thousand of teenagers out into the streets, proclaiming that Kerouac had written their story, (Cook 171). Kerouac and his Beat Generation created a movement of teenagers that parents and literary critics despised (Akers 1). Because of this, drugs and alcohol became a huge part of this generation and Kerouacs life (4). His fans followed his lead. Although On the Road is a well-known, well-written novel, a majority of the literary critics didnt think highly of Kerouacs novel. The consensus was that Kerouacs new literature would corrupt the young audience that Kerouac was bringing in (5). It was argued that Kerouacs first movement was full of love and tenderness and the in the next instance he becomes the quintessential A...

Georgetown Scholarship Essay Example

Georgetown Scholarship Essay Example Georgetown Scholarship Essay Georgetown Scholarship Essay Essay Topic: Scholarship From abrogating the infamous problem of world hunger that is prevalent among the developing countries to the preservation of Mother Nature who seems to exponentially spiral down towards death in correlation to our nonstop industrial poison, the premiere issue that arises to be solved is not utilizing these funds solely to discover or use on research for the historically-yearned panacea of all these problems, but to discover the grades of importance to which these problems need to be chronologically addressed. Sure, the level of importance may fluctuate for people ith different perspectives, but finding the common ranks in which the majority agrees on will most likely prove to palliate the cons of our societys traditional morality. The sole most important problem: Poverty. My statement is controversial, yet I believe that I withhold a satisfactory Justification for my daring audacity in the statement. The Tree of Poverty is a colossal essence of our intricate society that branches off to too many malevolent factors, such as the branches of disease and hunger. Finding the conflagration to abolish this seemingly immortal tree would be iminishing the amplifying mercurial distance between the downright rich and the nadir of the poor, considering eighty percent of the population in the world today live in countries where income divergences keep expanding. How will we solve this? one might ask. The first step will be creating a chance for these countries by focusing on their children, their future. The establishment of educational services in countries that hold an insufficient amount of resources to do so will help reduce the 121 million children who are not in education that should be. : One must realize that the orld holds a massive number of uncut gems, but processing these potential gems to shine is what makes them valuable. This process represents the education in which millions of children will partake with the development of education in the places that are not able to do so. With this education, not only will they surpass the fortitude of the barrier of poverty to their dreams and goals, but exceed this to be so much greater. Nearly on par with the Tree of Poverty, the foundation of biodiversity holds on to its roots as the implacable dictator of industrialization threatens for its looming xtinction. What many might not know is that although technology is proving to become a somewhat sustainable factor as a bare replacement for the natural world, sustainability of the Earths present pulchritude is a much more efficient and reasonable validation when compared to the funding of expensively non-dependable technology we have today. One might believe that the preservation is not worth the benevolent aspects of industrialization. But considering the favored medicinal resources, recreational value of commonly known wildlife, the Joy of growing your wn plant life, and all the amiable values that come with our wondrous biologic life, the spending of money to further restrain the aggrandizing industrialization and preserve the treasure of wildlife is Justifiable by all means. By economically funding multifarious groups of biological preservation, it is believed that a gradual improvement will be shown as time goes by. Basically speaking, all the cute animals in the Atlanta Zoo you take your children to see wont all be extinct in ten years. The foundation of the common persons traditional morality both holds the potential for alevolence and benevolence, thus I believe that using titty million dollars tor these national problems will help diminish the potential for negative outcomes of mans works and focus more on its munificence. Although one might wish for the worlds problems to be gone with one trade of fifty million dollars and a snap of the fingers, people must acknowledge that they need not to imperiously rush through the fast- moving waters of the colossal river of society; rather, take one slow step at a time and find a way to make it to the other side.

Definition and Examples of Received Pronunciation

Definition and Examples of Received Pronunciation Received pronunciation, commonly abbreviated as RP, is a once prestigious variety of British English spoken without an identifiable regional dialect. It is also known as  British Received Pronunciation, BBC English, the Queens English, and posh accent.  Standard British English  is sometimes used as a synonym.  The term  received pronunciation  was introduced and described by  phonetician  Alexander Ellis in his book Early English Pronunciation  (1869). History of the Dialect Received Pronunciation is only around 200 years old, said linguist David Crystal. It emerged towards the end of the 18th century as an upper-class accent, and soon became the voice of the public schools, the civil service, and the British Empire (Daily Mail, October 3, 2014).   Author Kathryn LaBouff gives some background in her tome, Singing and Communicating in English: It was standard practice until the 1950s for university students to adjust their regional accents to be closer to RP. RP was traditionally used on stage, for  public speaking, and by the well-educated. In the 1950s, RP was used by the BBC as a broadcast standard and was referred to as BBC English. Since the 1970s, the BBC label has been dropped and RP has slowly been more inclusive of regional influences throughout the United Kingdom. By the turn of the twenty-first century RP was spoken by only 3 percent of the population. Today BBC broadcasters do not use Received Pronunciation, which actually today now sounds out of place; they use a neutralized version of their own regional accents that is intelligible to all listeners.  (Oxford University Press, 2007) Characteristics of RP Not every dialect in Britain has a pronounced h sound, which is one difference between them, among differences in vowels.  The prestige British accent known as received pronunciation (RP) pronounces  h  at the beginning of words, as in  hurt, and avoids it in such words as  arm. Cockney speakers do the reverse;  I urt my harm, explained David Crystal.  Most English accents around the world pronounce words like  car  and  heart  with an audible  r; RP is one of the few accents which does not. In RP, words like  bath  are pronounced with a long  a (bahth); up north in England it is a short a. Dialect variations mainly affect the  vowels  of a language.  (Think on My Words: Exploring Shakespeares Language. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Prestige and Backlash Having a dialect or manner of speaking  associated with different classes is called a  social dialect. Having esteem or social value to a manner of speaking is called linguistic  prestige. The flip side of that coin is called accent prejudice. In Talking Proper: The Rise and Fall of the English Accent as a Social Symbol, author Lynda Mugglestone wrote, Adoptive RP, a common feature of the past, is in this sense increasingly a rarity in modern language use as many speakers reject the premise that it is this accent alone which is the key to success. Reversing the polarities still further, RP... has regularly been deployed for those roundly depicted as villains in, for example, Disneys films The Lion King and Tarzan. (Oxford University Press, 2007) Afua Hirsch wrote in  The Guardian  about the backlash in Ghana: [A] backlash is growing against the old mentality of equating a British accent with prestige. Now the practice has a new acronym, LAFA, or locally acquired foreign accent, and attracts derision rather than praise.In the past we have seen people in Ghana try to mimic the Queens English, speaking in a way that doesnt sound natural. They think it sounds prestigious, but frankly it sounds like they are overdoing it, said Professor Kofi Agyekum, head of linguistics at the University of Ghana.There has been a significant change now, away from those who think sounding English is prestigious, towards those who value being multilingual, who would never neglect our mother tongues, and who are happy to sound Ghanaian when we speak English. (Ghana Calls an End to Tyrannical Reign of the Queens English. April 10, 2012)

Research business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research business proposal - Essay Example In addition to integration into corporate structures and processes, CSR also frequently involves creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both internal and external stakeholders to improve CSR performance (McDonald & Rundle-Thiele, 2008). The proposed research paper will address the issue of definition as well the nature of the challenges calling for public and private sector action on the CSR front. It also intends to outline components that can be used by businesses and other organizations to review and potentially enhance their performance in relation to CSR. It will further explore the best practices on the part of industry to attain positive and proactive outcomes on CSR. Additionally, the proposed research paper will also provide an outlook of Industry activities and initiatives that support the promotion of CSR and that define and provide pragmatic viewpoints on the linkages between CSR and innovation. It will also offer some recommendations for the further exploration of CSR. There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. ... 3.3. Data collection method . 15 3.4. Ethical issues.. 16 3.5. Data analysis & Nature and form of results... 17 3.6. Variables 17 4.0. References 18 5.0. Appendix. 19 1.0. Introduction 1.1. Background There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. The main principle for the said concept is the need of the company to take responsibility on its operation on the basis of the fact that the establishment of an enterprise can affect the community and the environment one way or another (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). The detrimental effects of the continuous industrialization and modernization of the corporate world had turned the trend of the organizations and companies from the objectives of financial prowess solely towards expansion of aims and priorities in terms of responsibilities thus including the welfare of the environments and surroundings including the adjacent communities and other issues related to ethics and behaviours of the employees and the members of the company or organization. The CSR then can be defined on the basis of giving attention to three objectives that includes the profitability in the financial aspect, the social responsibility and the environmental issues and concerns (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). 1.2. Problem Statement and objectives Corporate social responsibility can be said as idea whereby business organizations consider the interests of society by taking obligations for the

Pro & Cons of Social Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pro & Cons of Social Media - Assignment Example equires an individual to set business objectives, establish important performance indicators that relate to the objectives and create performance targets to evaluate success. The second stage of the social media measurement process is the definition phase. It requires an individual to make an outline showing how social media platforms could be supplemented to attain a brand target and interact with them to achieve the objectives. Design, is the third phase of the social measurement process. It involves laying out appropriate venues and specific tactics for the brand that will help in establishing an active social media presence. Deployment is the fourth stage and it entails the program implementation and launch, which ensures that accurate data is collected and the program is launched appropriately. Optimization is the final phase of the social media measurement process. It seeks to look at performance drivers and identify opportunities that can assist in adjusting the program for be tter results (Murdough 94). The reach of social media refers to the amount of traffic or the number of people that are accessing the social media platform. It involves monitoring the number of mentions and the characteristics of the authors. Some authors have more influence on social media, therefore, being able to promote the brand effectively when they mention it. Other authors have less influence (Bernhardt, Darren & Amanda 137). Therefore, it is important for the key authors to mention the brand as it will generate more comments and discussions that will promote it. Messages are transmitted across different social media platforms such as Facebook, twitter and MySpace in different ways. Facebook, blogs and discussion forums have room for comments that can be viewed by customers and prospects, therefore, promoting the brand. On the other hand, Twitter offers tweets that can easily be seen by prospect customers when an author promotes the brand (Murdough 95). According to Chris

MICROECONOMIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MICROECONOMIC - Essay Example For the person who smokes cigarettes, it is a good commodity. Hence, the Price Consumption curve would be downward sloping one as in the figure above. But the slope will be a flat one because although the price goes up, the consumption does not get reduced at the same rate. Answer 2 The difference between a young smoker and an adult smoker is that the former can reduce the level of smoking as it is not a habitual activity for him hence cigarettes will be treated as a normal good for him. So when the price of the cigarette increases the young consumer can reduce the consumption. Hence the demand curve would be an elastic one (Gottheil, 2013, p.101). On the other hand, for an adult smoker cigarette consumption would not vary with changes in the prices because it would be an addiction for him and hence even if the price is high he would not be able to reduce the consumption of cigarettes. The demand for cigarettes for an adult would be inelastic. In the above figure, the producers of ci garettes face a perfectly inelastic demand curve from the adult smokers but a relatively more elastic demand curve from the young smokers. Now if the price of Cigarette increases the adult smokers will continue to buy the amount Qa but the young ones would adjust their consumption as per the prices. Since the quantity demanded of cigarette decreases for the young smokers, the demand for other good increases. But this does not happen in case of the adult smokers. Whatever be the prices of the cigarettes, they will continue consumption of the same amount .Hence the demand for other goods will remain constant or increase marginally. The above graph applies for the young smokers whose demand fluctuates with the changes in the prices. The initial demand for cigarettes is Q1 and the price is P1. The initial demand curve for other goods was D1. Now due to increase in the prices, the new quantity demanded would be less amount i.e. Q2. Thus the demand for other goods increases to D2. This ch ange does not happen for an adult smoker. He does not change the quantity and is ready to pay the price differential. Thus the demand curve for other goods remains constant. Answer 3 Though tobacco as an addictive consumption cannot be explained by the general economics laws of demand and supply, it has to be kept in mind that there are social costs as well as time costs associated with the continuous use of tobacco. Economic Research has provided evidence of the fact that the demand for cigarettes does decrease with an increase in the prices of cigarettes (McGowan, 1995, p.113). The income levels of the individual smoker also have an effect on the demand for cigarettes. Studies across the world has shown that the demand due to an increase in the prices of cigarettes have fluctuated more in the underdeveloped countries than in the developed countries. This proves that the people of these countries are more price sensitive than their developed counterparts. But addiction of cigarette happens irrespective of the level of income hence an increase in the tax rate may appear to be regressive because it may affect the poorer segment of the population. The consumption habits of the past also influence the consumption habits of the future. Hence the people who have a record of consuming cigarettes more in the past tend to consume even more in the future. Thus if anti

Production and Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Production and Operation Management - Essay Example Based on these, the owner selects particular designs to be made on a weekly basis. Ms. Brown also selects the kind of clothing material to be used for the particular chosen design. She employed 10 female workers to work on the rest of the process. Pattern design is done manually by one worker before grading, measurement of fabric, cutting and finally, sewing and assembling. For clothes requiring intricate designs such as patching or needlework, one female worker, Karen Smith, who specialize on this area does the final touch and inspects the garments made prior to pressing and packaging. The first few months of production have been smooth and productive. On the seventh month, there had been returns sent by the shopping mall due to defects. Apparently, some garments were not inspected thoroughly and exhibited the following defects: â€Å"open seams, wrong stitching techniques, non- matching threads, missing stitches, improper creasing of the garment, erroneous thread tension and raw e dges† (Ahmad, 2011). Ms. Brown questioned Karen Smith and was determined to investigate the cause of increased defects. If not corrected immediately, the garment company faces a greater dilemma of revoking their contract to supply garments with the shopping mall. Statement of the Problem There were apparently high levels of returns for garments that have been delivered to the shopping mall. The person authorized to inspect, Karen Smith, also tasked with doing the intricate final designs of patching and needlework. Likewise, no other person counter checked the quality of the garments prior to packing and delivery to the shopping mall. Research Objective The objective of the research was to investigate the cause of the surge of defects on the garments that was already delivered to the shopping mall. The contract to supply garments was usually based on the agreement that no significant defects should be exhibited that would cause returns. Defects of more than 20% in one batch of deliveries would be subject to full return and refund. If the next batch would contain defects of more than 10%, the contract would be revoked. Another objective was to review the manufacturing process to determine ways of minimizing the defects noted and to ensure high quality of garments are consistently delivered. Comparative Key Processes in the Manual to the Actual Practice The process manual clearly indicates that after sewing, Karen Smith, is tasked to inspect the garments prior to packing. Upon closer inspection, Ms. Brown discovered from interviews with the sewers that most of the time, Karen Smith was overloaded with final details of patching and needle work demanded from the chosen designs. As such, with full confidence, she delegated the sewers to closely inspect their works. In this regard, the following flaws in the operations process were noted: (1) The inspector and the person doing final touches on the garments are the same. Increased volume of work to be done leave s little time for inspection. (2) There was no clear policy in the procedures manual regarding any sanctions for violating adherence to high quality standards of the product; (3) There were no clear policies on inspection for the garments or in accurately identifying accountability (which sewer creates the most mistakes and defects); (4) All designs and pattern making are still done manually; (5) Roles and responsibilities for employees

Gender Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Issues - Assignment Example This paper describes situational gender issues relating to differences in communication, problem-solving and leadership. In addition, the paper proposes the best practices and action plans to strengthen the behaviors of both men and women in the workplace. It was at around 8 am on the day I observed an issue on gender at a renowned company. The manager had just walked in and his secretary, a very cute, petite woman with dimples, was busy arranging files in the office. She had a backlog on her desk. Suddenly, I heard a slap and then yelling sound. I quickly rushed into the room. On arrival, I found the secretary lying on the floor holding her cheeks and crying out to the top of her voice. I raised my voice to inquire what had conspired. The manager began talking to himself saying that the secretary had delayed his work, which was a deadline. He also claimed that the work was to determine his firing. On my investigation, I found out that the manager had some issues with his wife. The wife had relocated to her new apartment with another new boyfriend planning to engage in few months’ time. The situation was very daunting until the security officer walked in and took the manager away as everybody else waited for an ad hoc board mee ting to discuss the way forward. On further investigation, I found the manager had tried many times to seduce the secretary, but to no success. The situation clearly shows the differences in communication, solving problem and leadership between men and women. The styles of communication between women and men differ in many ways. Firstly, in times of a problem, women tend to talk to other women, unlike men who keep their problems to themselves or just see no reason for sharing personal issues. Secondly, women are relationship-oriented and always look for ways to connect with other women. Most